Josephine Baker arrived in Paris seven years after the first world war. She brought a new form and freedom and joy that Parisians could have never imagined.
During the invasion of the Nazis, in the second world war, Josephine remained in her beloved Paris. She did not flee to America, and instead, served with the French resistance. She was an intelligence liaison, basically, a courier-spy, carrying military coordinates across the country-side, with the new technology of the day. Invisible ink on her sheet music. After all, she was simply a musician. She was also an ambulance driver. After the war, General Charles de Gaulle awarded her with the Medal of the Resistance and the Legion of Honor, the two highest honors in France.
Josephine was also active in the civil rights movement in the United States. She wrote articles and gave lectures protesting segregation. When offered $10,000.00 to perform in Miami, she refused unless the audience was integrated. She succeeded. During that visit a man called her the “N” word at a hotel. Josephine Baker made a citizen’s arrest and the man was fined one hundred dollars. The National Association For The Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) awarded her with the Most Outstanding Woman of The year and declared May 20th, 1951, Josephine Baker day.
On August 28, 1963, Josephine was the only woman to speak at the famous, March on Washington, proudly wearing her Legionnaire’s uniform and her medals. That same day, the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. presented his legendary, “I Have A Dream” speech.
During the invasion of the Nazis, in the second world war, Josephine remained in her beloved Paris. She did not flee to America, and instead, served with the French resistance. She was an intelligence liaison, basically, a courier-spy, carrying military coordinates across the country-side, with the new technology of the day. Invisible ink on her sheet music. After all, she was simply a musician. She was also an ambulance driver. After the war, General Charles de Gaulle awarded her with the Medal of the Resistance and the Legion of Honor, the two highest honors in France.
Josephine was also active in the civil rights movement in the United States. She wrote articles and gave lectures protesting segregation. When offered $10,000.00 to perform in Miami, she refused unless the audience was integrated. She succeeded. During that visit a man called her the “N” word at a hotel. Josephine Baker made a citizen’s arrest and the man was fined one hundred dollars. The National Association For The Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) awarded her with the Most Outstanding Woman of The year and declared May 20th, 1951, Josephine Baker day.
On August 28, 1963, Josephine was the only woman to speak at the famous, March on Washington, proudly wearing her Legionnaire’s uniform and her medals. That same day, the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. presented his legendary, “I Have A Dream” speech.
The economy in Paris was booming. It was an amazing comeback after the first World War. Paris was a happy place. Parisians began to embrace anything that was new and depicted freedom. Maybe that’s why the avant-garde became so popular. Non-traditional art forms began to spring up. Dada, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Surrealism and eventually African.
AFRICA AND THE AVANT-GARDE
A popular vacation for wealthy Parisians, in the 1920’s, was the African safari. African masks and sculptures, as souvenirs and investments, were suddenly all over Paris. They were as popular as any painting by Pablo Picasso, who, became infatuated with Africa. The African obsession became widespread amongst avant-garde artists, including Paul Colin, Jean Cocteau, Michel Leiris and many others. Under this influence they created the word, Negrophilia. Which literally means, love of the negro. This period also lead to the influx of African immigrants.
LA REVUE NEGRE, JAZZ AND THE CHARLESTON
A group of African-American musicians, singers and dancers were assembled to create, La Revue Negre. The Negro Review. With them, in 1925, was a nineteen-year-old chorus girl named, Josephine Baker. Their mission. Introduce Paris to a brand-new music called jazz and a hot new dance called, the Charleston. Jazz musicians were known as improvisational artists, so once, again, freedom was the name the of the game. To Parisians, nothing represented freedom more than dancing the Charleston, often in the streets and without music. They would simply say to one another, “hey-hey”, and everyone danced to the music in their hearts.
AFRICA AND THE AVANT-GARDE
A popular vacation for wealthy Parisians, in the 1920’s, was the African safari. African masks and sculptures, as souvenirs and investments, were suddenly all over Paris. They were as popular as any painting by Pablo Picasso, who, became infatuated with Africa. The African obsession became widespread amongst avant-garde artists, including Paul Colin, Jean Cocteau, Michel Leiris and many others. Under this influence they created the word, Negrophilia. Which literally means, love of the negro. This period also lead to the influx of African immigrants.
LA REVUE NEGRE, JAZZ AND THE CHARLESTON
A group of African-American musicians, singers and dancers were assembled to create, La Revue Negre. The Negro Review. With them, in 1925, was a nineteen-year-old chorus girl named, Josephine Baker. Their mission. Introduce Paris to a brand-new music called jazz and a hot new dance called, the Charleston. Jazz musicians were known as improvisational artists, so once, again, freedom was the name the of the game. To Parisians, nothing represented freedom more than dancing the Charleston, often in the streets and without music. They would simply say to one another, “hey-hey”, and everyone danced to the music in their hearts.
We intend to submit fun facts and information about Josephine Baker. We
will bring you, from time to time, anniversaries, quotes, tid-bits,
stories, photographs and the occasional update on the progress of our
production. THE DARK STAR FROM HARLEM opens at La Mama Experimental
Theater, New York, Fall, 2019.
Why Josephine Baker?
Here’s my long answer.
I grew up in Detroit, Michigan, right across the river from Windsor, Ontario, Canada. We got their TV channels and they got ours. I loved watching Canadian football and local shows like, “The Friendly Giant” and “Swingin’ Time” with Robin Seymour, our version of America Bandstand. The CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Company) syndicated shows from the United Kingdom and we watched Monty Python a few years before it was an American thing. They also syndicated shows from France and they often broadcasted music hall performances of the amazing Josephine Baker. She was the first entertainer I ever watched in another language. It didn’t matter that I didn’t understand what she was saying or what she was singing about. But I got it. I was absolutely captivated by that strange old black lady with the long eye lashes and too much make up.
I began looking for her on Channel 9, always after midnight. Especially in the summer time. I couldn’t figure out why I liked her so much. Maybe it was the way she looked, so visually over the top. Maybe it was the way she sang, with such a uniquely sounding voice. Sometimes like a bird. Sometimes like a powerful force of nature. All the while, wearing a wide array of outrageous costumes. Long before Cher and many others. Every now and then she would blow my mind by singing in English. I was simply fascinated. Who was this old lady?
Unfortunately, there was on one in my family who shared my interest in this new discovery. They were not interested in late night television either. They preferred to asleep. We had a new color TV and an old black and white TV. I loved the old TV because there was no need to negotiate what to watch. My tastes were different anyway. I still love black and white. So, I watched everything alone. I watched science fiction movies, alone. I watched scary movies, alone, and I watched Josephine Baker, alone.
Why Josephine Baker?
Here’s my long answer.
I grew up in Detroit, Michigan, right across the river from Windsor, Ontario, Canada. We got their TV channels and they got ours. I loved watching Canadian football and local shows like, “The Friendly Giant” and “Swingin’ Time” with Robin Seymour, our version of America Bandstand. The CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Company) syndicated shows from the United Kingdom and we watched Monty Python a few years before it was an American thing. They also syndicated shows from France and they often broadcasted music hall performances of the amazing Josephine Baker. She was the first entertainer I ever watched in another language. It didn’t matter that I didn’t understand what she was saying or what she was singing about. But I got it. I was absolutely captivated by that strange old black lady with the long eye lashes and too much make up.
I began looking for her on Channel 9, always after midnight. Especially in the summer time. I couldn’t figure out why I liked her so much. Maybe it was the way she looked, so visually over the top. Maybe it was the way she sang, with such a uniquely sounding voice. Sometimes like a bird. Sometimes like a powerful force of nature. All the while, wearing a wide array of outrageous costumes. Long before Cher and many others. Every now and then she would blow my mind by singing in English. I was simply fascinated. Who was this old lady?
Unfortunately, there was on one in my family who shared my interest in this new discovery. They were not interested in late night television either. They preferred to asleep. We had a new color TV and an old black and white TV. I loved the old TV because there was no need to negotiate what to watch. My tastes were different anyway. I still love black and white. So, I watched everything alone. I watched science fiction movies, alone. I watched scary movies, alone, and I watched Josephine Baker, alone.
